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It is the only complete ring of cartilage that encircles the airway. It forms the inferior aspect of the larynx and is connected to the trachea inferiorly. The cricoid cartilage is a much smaller signet ring-shaped hyaline cartilage located directly below the thyroid cartilage. The inferior horn bears a facet on its medial surface with which its articulates with the posterolateral surface of the cricoid cartilage to form the cricothyroid joint.

This board fibroelastic sheet has a thick median region called the median thyrohyoid ligament as well as lateral parts called the lateral thyrohyoid ligaments, which directly attach to the superior horn. The longer superior horn, along with the entire superior border of the thyroid cartilage, attaches to the hyoid bone by the thyrohyoid membrane. The posterior margin of each lamina extends upward into a superior horn and downward into an inferior horn. A less prominent inferior thyroid notch is present along the base of the thyroid cartilage. Superior to this prominence is the superior thyroid notch.

This is due to the influence of the hormone testosterone, which stimulates the overall growth of the larynx resulting in a deeper voice with time. The Adam’s apple is typically more prominent in males after puberty. The broad flat right and left halves (laminae) of the cartilage fuse anteriorly in the midline to form a V-shaped anterior projection called the laryngeal prominence (commonly called the “Adam’s apple”). It forms the anterior and lateral portions of the larynx and has no posterior component. The thyroid cartilage is the largest of the laryngeal cartilages and is composed of hyaline cartilage. The larynx is composed of three large unpaired cartilages (cricoid, thyroid, and epiglottis) and three paired smaller cartilages (arytenoid, corniculate, and cuneiform), making a total of nine individual cartilages. It will also outline the blood supply, innervation and lymphatic drainage of the larynx as well as a clinical application and an interesting fact. This article will discuss the major anatomical structures and the main functions of the larynx. Vagus nerve: Superior laryngeal nerves (internal and external), inferior laryngeal nerves Superior and inferior deep cervical lymph nodes

Superior and inferior laryngeal arteries, superior and inferior laryngeal veins Intrinsic: Movement of components of the larynx Three parts: Vestibule, middle part, infraglottic cavity Paired (3): Arytenoid, corniculate, and cuneiform Unpaired (3): Cricoid, thyroid, and epiglottis Key facts about the larynx FunctionsĪir conduction, airway protection, sound production It is quite mobile in the neck and can be seen and felt moving upward and forward during swallowing, closing off the trachea and opening the esophagus. It is commonly referred to as the “voice box” or the “organ of phonation” as it houses the structure responsible for sound production. The larynx conducts air into the lower respiratory tract and closes off the airway especially during swallowing to prevent aspiration of food. It sits just above the trachea and is continuous with the oropharynx (the portion of the throat posterior to the oral cavity) above. It consists of a cartilaginous skeleton connected by membranes, ligaments and associated muscles that suspend it from surrounding structures. It is anterior to the esophagus and at the level of the third to the sixth cervical vertebrae in its normal position. The larynx is a complex hollow structure located in the anterior midline region of the neck.

Blank ipicture of basic anatomy of breathing